And complete Hajj and Umrah for Allah. Then, if you are prevented ˹from entering Makkah˺,[1] send forth ˹within Ḥaram˺ the sacrificial animal which is easily obtainable; and do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal reaches its place (i.e. the sacrifice is completed). Then, whosoever from among you, is ill or has an ailment of the head, then he should give expiation with fasting or charity or a sacrifice ˹of an animal˺;[2] then when you are at peace, whosoever takes the benefit of combining Umrah and Hajj, for him a sacrifice is necessary, that which is easily obtainable; then whosoever does not attain ˹the ability to sacrifice˺, so he should fast three days during the days of Hajj and seven days when you return to your homes. These are exactly ten ˹fasts in total˺.[3] This ruling is for the one who is not a resident of Makkah.[4] Fear Allah, and know that Allah punishes severely.
Commentary
[1]
Ihṣār refers to the inability to complete Hajj or Umrah
due to an acceptable reason, e.g., fear of the enemy or a wild beast or the
danger of an illness worsening due to travel.
[2]
In the state of iḥrām, if there is an infringement which obligates a
sacrifice (dam) due to illness, a head wound, an abscess, for example,
then any of the following steps can be taken: six destitute (miskīn)
individuals may be given the specified amount of alms each or provided with two
meals each; the person may observe three fasts; or he may perform the
sacrifice.
[3]
As an expression of gratitude,
it is incumbent that one who completes the Hajj and Umrah in a single trip
performs a sacrifice. If he is unable to perform a sacrifice, he should observe
ten fasts; three fasts after donning the iḥrām, between 1stShawwāl and 9thDhūAl-Ḥijjah and seven fasts after 13thDhūAl-Ḥijjah.
[4]
The Tamattuʿ or Qirān Hajj is only permissible for those who travel to Makkah from outside the Mīqāt boundary; those who reside within this boundary can only perform the Ifrād Hajj.
